Microscopy techniques encompass a variety of methods used to visualize and study objects at very small scales, typically ranging from micrometers to nanometers. These techniques involve the use of microscopes, which are instruments that magnify and resolve the details of small structures that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye. Some common microscopy techniques include: 1. Optical microscopy: This technique uses visible light to illuminate and magnify samples, allowing for the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures. 2. Electron microscopy: This technique uses electron beams instead of visible light to achieve higher resolution imaging of samples. There are two main types of electron microscopy: transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 3. Confocal microscopy: This technique uses a laser scanning system to produce three-dimensional images of fluorescently-labeled samples with high resolution and contrast. 4. Atomic force microscopy: This technique measures the forces between a sharp tip and a sample surface to create high-resolution images of sample topography and properties. 5. Super-resolution microscopy: This technique surpasses the diffraction limit of light to achieve resolutions of nanometers, enabling the visualization of molecular structures within cells. Overall, microscopy techniques play a crucial role in various scientific fields, including biology, materials science, and nanotechnology, by providing detailed insights into the structure and function of microscopic objects.